Most fish in Indonesia are exothermic, i.e. their metabolic production and retention are unable to maintain their body temperature. This causes the influence of surrounding temperature to affect them. When the temperature of the surrounding waters is not suitable, according to Helene Volkoff & Ivar Rnnestad (2020), the metabolic process increases two to three times with an increase in the ambient temperature of 10°C.

In addition to increased metabolism, fish experience psychological changes when water temperatures are not suitable for them, resulting in their individual anxiety increasesing with hotter temperatures. It aligns with the study of Biro et al., 2009 which explains that fish anxiety increases linearly when in hotter temperatures.

Indonesia certainly experiences extreme weather that results in drastic temperature fluctuations. It causes fish to become stressed and reduce their lifespan. For example, as reported by the Republika news channel on August 20, 2017, when dry season entered on August 20, 2017, there were several reports that fish on the farm died due to the stress of temperature differences. This happens due to the difference in air temperature at the cultivation site, which is in Temanggung, which can reach 6°C.